What does the concept of 'mutual assured destruction' (MAD) imply?

The concept of 'mutual assured destruction' (MAD) is fundamentally rooted in nuclear deterrence theory. It implies that if two opposing sides both possess a sufficient nuclear arsenal, the likelihood of either side launching a first strike is significantly reduced. The assurance that any nuclear attack by one side will result in an overwhelming retaliatory strike from the other ensures that both sides would face total destruction. This creates a precarious but stable balance, as both parties understand that engaging in a nuclear conflict would lead to catastrophic consequences for both.

In this context, the notion of MAD serves as a deterrent, dissuading nations from initiating a nuclear conflict because the inevitable consequence would be mutual destruction. This strategic thinking emerged prominently during the Cold War era, where the United States and the Soviet Union built large arsenals not solely for use but to prevent the other side from feeling confident enough to strike first.

The other options address different aspects of nuclear policy but do not capture the essence of MAD. Promoting nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation is aimed at reducing nuclear weapons and their spread, while methods for peaceful conflict resolution focus on diplomacy rather than military strategy. Thus, B accurately reflects the implications of the concept, highlighting its role in maintaining a dangerous yet